5/30/20
The Chicago papers reported yesterday that Alderman
Susan Sadlowski Garcia will join the community organizers and the
environmentalists from both inside and outsider her 10th Ward
and oppose the plans of General Iron Corp. to move its metal-shredding
operation from the toney 43rd Ward to the grittier, working
class bailiwick of Alderman Garcia.
Given the environmental implications of the metal
shredding process, one can understand the reluctance of any neighborhood to
welcome with open arms such an operation.
But before signing wholeheartedly onto the environmentalist agenda of
people who are not similarly economically situated, the residents of the 10th
Ward might want to consider the economic consequences of saying “No, thanks” to
an operation like General Iron. Given
the inherent good sense of people who engage in manual labor for a living, one
suspects that many 10th Ward denizens are not as opposed to General
Iron as the activists would have us believe.
These residents, though never having heard yours truly’s lecture on the
topic, are doubtless aware of the principle of the first rung of the
economic ladder.
As most of you know, one of my jobs is teaching finance
and economics. Since I am very adept
at working the “first rung of the economic ladder” lecture into all my classes,
all my econ students, and most of my finance students, are, or once were,
familiar with the principle, which I learned not in the classroom but in, for
lack of a better term, life.
As many of you know, I went to St. Ignatius High
School (I still refuse to call it “St. Ignatius College Prep,” even though
it had attained that still chichi moniker a few years before I showed up at
1076, the school’s numerical address and the moniker those of us of sound mind would
prefer to use for our alma mater.), which was quite a different place
back then than it is now. Ignatius at
the time was at least as academically elite as it is now but it was not as, for
lack of a better term, sociologically elite as it is today. It was the place where a working-class kid
was sent by his immigrant or African-American parents because he (The school
didn’t become co-ed until five years after I graduated.) showed academic prowess
and would be challenged to or beyond his ability and consequently could, if he
worked hard and did well, do things that his parents never dreamed of for
themselves. That is not to say that the
entire student body was composed of such students. I, for instance, am second generation American
on one side and third on the other and, because I lived on the outskirts of Beverly
and my dad was a partner in a successful small business, was considered one of
the “rich” kids at Ignatius at the time.
Now the “rich” kids at Ignatius come from the Gold Coast, Lincoln
Park, and even the North shore and places like Hinsdale; they really are
rich, but things change and I digress.
A typical Ignatian at the time was a kid with an
unpronounceable last name and a father who worked in the steel mills, in a meat
packing plant, on the railroad, or at some non-descript industrial facility
bordering one of the expressways. His
mom stayed home, raised the kids, volunteered at church, and made sure the kids
did their homework and stayed out of trouble.
The family lived in a
neighborhood that was surrounded by factories, warehouses, meat packing plants,
or the like that emitted noises and odors that did not enhance the aesthetics
of the area. They lived there not
because it was bucolic and aromatic but because that’s where work was. The
family’s first language was Polish, German, Spanish, Lithuanian, Ukrainian,
or Italian; I had several friends who didn’t speak English until they got
to first grade. The kids were sent to Ignatius so that they
could get into, and get a decent scholarship from, a place like IIT (Illinois
Institute of Technology) or UIC (University of Illinois at Chicago)
and get a degree in engineering. Why
engineering? Because the only college
educated guy that their dads saw at “the plant” was an engineer of some sort. So, in their minds, an engineering degree
was what one got in college if one wanted to move up in life, and the kid was
really good in math and science, so why not?
The progress continued as the guys I went to school with and
who became engineers or the like moved out of the old neighborhood to the
suburbs or one of the neighborhoods on the geographic fringes of the city, like
“out by the airport,” which could be either airport (These guys didn’t move to Lincoln
Park; they had, for the most part, had enough of the city and moved out of
the old neighborhood as soon as they could put a down payment on a house in
some place like Lemont or Naperville.
The ironic, and in some ways sad, part of the story is that the homes
their parents eventually sold for a pittance are now being featured on Windy
City Rehab or House Hunters as 7 figure monuments to
their potential new owners, but, again, I digress.), married women they had met
in the old neighborhood or at UIC, and had sons and daughters, whom they, in
turn, sent to the U of I (University of Illinois in Champaign) or to one
of the many U of Is of the east (Harvard, Yale, Georgetown, MIT, or the
like) so that they could become doctors, lawyers, software engineers, or
investment bankers and move to the Gold Coast, the North Shore, the
upper west side of Manhattan, northern California, or perhaps to their
grandparents’ old place at a 100 fold premium to what their grandparents paid
in what has suddenly become a fashionable neighborhood.
So the process was three steps, and three generations,
from factory worker to mid-level engineer to big time
investment banker or software gazillionaire. The
pattern, of course, was not identical.
Some of the guys with whom I went to school (How yours truly wound up in
the same classroom with these types of guys is beyond me.) were so smart and
dedicated, and had such persistent and insistent parents, that they skipped the
second step altogether and went right from their parents’ working class
bungalow or apartment to the highest reaches of the medical, legal,
engineering, or investment banking professions. And some progeny of the guys with whom I
went to school decided that a vertical move up the ladder wasn’t necessary; they
were happy to join their dads as mid-management engineers or to pursue
teaching, nursing, ground level politics and attendant government jobs, the
trades, or the like and are making great livings, and living wonderful lives,
doing so. And, of course, an Ignatius
education was not by any means a necessary part of this story; I only mention Ignatius
because it was the place from which I saw these stories play out over the years
among my fellow alumni of that justifiably proud institution. And several of those guys read this blog.
The point of this story is that none of these successful
and happy lives, and none of these choices, would have been possible without
that first step on the economic ladder.
If these guys’ dads hadn’t gotten the jobs in the factory, which could
on no planet be described as pleasant, enriching, fulfilling, or the like, and
made the inter-generational compact they silently made with their sons,
their sons couldn’t have gone to Ignatius (It was expensive even back
then…almost $400 per semester, which was a not insignificant amount of money to
a lot of my fellow Ignatians’ families.) and hence couldn’t have gotten the
scholarships to IIT that enabled them to get the jobs that provided the income
necessary to send their daughters to the big time colleges from which they
could become partners in major Chicago
law firms or attending physicians at major University hospitals.
One of the biggest problems our society faces today is
that the aforementioned first rung on the economic ladder has been yanked away
by the forces of, inter alia, the cult (as opposed to the economic
principle) of free trade, the transformation to an “information economy,” the
sense of entitlement that inevitably accompanies prosperity, and the like. The steel plants, the meatpacking
operations, many of the railroads, and other factories that could provide a
decent livelihood to people without much of an education but with the
willingness to work hard at unpleasant tasks are gone. Now a kid growing up in Chicago without much
education and without much inclination toward education is not confronted with
a choice between a $30 (in today’s dollars) an hour job on a factory floor or a
life of crime and/or indolence; s/he is faced with a choice between a $10 fast
food job and a life of crime and/or indolence. This has obvious ramifications not only for
the prospects for these kids and their progeny but also for the economy and
society as a whole.
Many of the changes that kicked the first rung of the
economic ladder out from under today’s minority and immigrant working class
were made inevitable by technological progress and attendant economic
transformation and dislocation. To put
too many obstacles in the way of such developments is not only pointless; it is
dangerous. But given that the
destruction of opportunity for those looking to grasp that first rung on the
ladder can’t be completely stopped, the last thing we need is for politicians
to make such opportunities scarcer by insisting that their neighborhoods be
environmentally pristine regardless of the economic consequences for their
constituents. The prior generations
sacrificed what we would today call a “green” lifestyle because they knew that
with the “browning” of their neighborhoods came opportunities that would enable
the next generation to have better, or at least wider, choices regarding where
they would work and live.
While Alderman Sadlowski Garza is by no means
unique in her obeisance to the more elitist forces who insist that the
environment remain pristine regardless of the economic consequences, her
enthusiasm for such ideas, manifested by her opposition to General Iron,
is especially ironic. Her story
reflects the “rungs of the ladder” story I related above. Her father, Ed Sadlowski, was a hero
of the Chicago Labor Movement, a dissident president of Local 65 of the
United Steelworkers at the U.S. Steel mega-plant in the 10th
Ward. He made the same kind of
inter-generational deal that I described above, allowing his daughter Susan to
become first a school teacher, then a union activist, like her father, and then
a Chicago alderman. If the type
of environmental policy currently espoused by Alderman Sadlowski been in place
60 years ago, when her dad started working, there would have been no U.S.
Steel South Works and no first rung on the economic ladder for the
Sadlowski family.